Blog Layout

What Is The Best Wood For A Lasting Log Home?

Log Home Restoration of California • Oct 30, 2020

Learn the types of wood used for log homes.

log home wood

When you are building a new log home, one of the most important decisions is which type of wood to use. This is not a simple choice. The best wood can often be an expensive decision. If you are only looking at the short-term costs. Now, if you look at the lifespan cost, that is a different answer. 


There are several factors besides just the wood characteristics that come into play.


Age


This may be one of the most important factors. No matter what type of wood you choose, if the trees are old-growth they have better qualities. When trees grow in tree farms, the wood is pithy and more prone to shrinkage. This will require them to need kiln curing or seasoned for at least 6 months.


Species


Cedars


We know cedars for their natural ability to resist water. It’s resistant to the elements while keeping its integrity. Ideal for outdoor use because of its inherent rot and insect resistance.


Southern White Cedar (Juniper)

 

  • The heartwood is light brown and highly resistant to decay.
  • The Sapwood is white.
  • Lightweight softwood, which is low strength and shock resistance,
  • Low shrinkage
  • R-value per inch 1.41
  • Scarcer than Northern White Cedar.

 

Northern White Cedar 

 

  • Almost identical to Southern White Cedar. 
  • R-value per inch 1.41
  • Smaller diameters

 

Western Red Cedar

 

  • The heartwood is reddish or pinkish brown.
  • The sapwood is near white.
  • Lightweight moderately softwood, which is low strength and shock resistance.
  • R-value per inch 1.09
  • Very low shrinkage
  • Scarce but produces long logs.

 


Baldcyprus

 

  • Heartwood light yellow-brown to chocolate.
  • Sapwood is nearly white.
  • Old-growth heartwood is highly decay-resistant.
  • New-growth heartwood is moderately decay-resistant.
  • Moderate weight, strength, and resistance.
  • Moderately small shrinkage
  • R-value per inch 1.04

 

Pines


Properly maintained pine logs are an excellent choice because of its strength and economy. Red pine is stronger than white pines. White pines are more resistant to decay and insects. 


Lodgepole Pine 

 

  • Heartwood is light yellow to light yellow-brown.
  • Sapwood is yellow or nearly white.
  • Moderate weight and easy to work.
  • Moderately large shrinkage
  • Moderately low strength and resistance.
  • Low decay resistance.
  • R-value per inch 1.20
  • Half the shrinkage of other pine varieties.
  • Long straight logs available.

 


Ponderosa Pine

 

  • Heartwood is light reddish brown 
  • Sapwood is white to pale yellow
  • Moderate weight, softness, stiffness,
  • Moderately low strength and shock resistance
  • Moderately small shrinkage
  • Low decay resistance
  • R-value per inch 1.16
  • Good for dry climates

 


Red Pine

 

  • Heartwood pale red to reddish-brown
  • Sapwood yellowish-white 2 to 4 inches wide
  • Moderately heavy, strong, soft
  • Moderately high shock resistance
  • Moderately large shrinkage
  • R-value per inch 1.04
  • Easy to dry and secure when seasoned

 


Southern Yellow Pine

 

  • Heartwood reddish brown
  • Sapwood white and very wide in new growth, 1 to 2 inches in old-growth
  • Heavy, strong, stiff, and hard
  • Moderately high shock resistance
  • Moderately large shrinkage
  • Stable with proper seasoning
  • R-value per inch.91
  • Moderate decay resistance

 


Western White Pine

 

  • Heartwood cream to light reddish-brown
  • Sapwood white and 1-3 inches
  • Moderate weight, softness, and stiffness
  • Low shock resistance
  • Moderately large shrinkage
  • R-value per inch 1.32
  • Easy wood to treat
  • Stable and strong
  • Economical

 


Redwood

 

  • Heartwood light cherry to dark mahogany
  • Sapwood narrow white
  • Moderately lightweight, strength, stiffness, and hardness
  • High decay resistance
  • R-value per inch 1.0
  • Expensive
  • Prone to splintering

 


Douglas Fir

 

  • Sapwood is narrow on old-growth trees
  • Sapwood up to 3 inch on new growth trees
  • Weight and strength vary depending on where harvested
  • R-value per inch.99
  • Very strong wood ideal for beams

 


Western True Fir

 

  • Heartwood and sapwood virtually identical
  • Lightweight and high strength
  • Shrinkage small to moderate
  • Low decay resistance
  • R-value per inch.99
  • Higher resistance to mildew and fungus

 


Eastern Hemlock

 

  • Heartwood pale brown-red sapwood a little lighter
  • Moderate weight, limberness, hardness
  • Moderately low in strength and shock resistance
  • Low in decay resistance
  • R-value per inch 1.16
  • Easy to pressure treat
  • Susceptible to wind shake damage

 


Western Hemlock

  • Heartwood and sapwood are almost white with a purplish tint
  • Moderate weight, strength, hardness, stiffness, shock resistance
  • A moderately high rate of shrinkage
  • Low decay resistance
  • R-value per inch 1.16
  • Difficult because of high shrinkage


Hardwoods


Hardwood is popular for its strength and durability. Walnut, oak,, and poplars are the main choices. The logs are attractive and easy to assemble. The biggest drawback is they can very pricey.


Red Oak

 

  • Heartwood tan to reddish-brown 
  • Sapwood is nearly white with a width of 1 to 2 inches
  • This is a heavy, hard, and tough wood
  • Low decay resistance
  • Some varieties may have shrinkage problems
  • R-value per inch.79
  • Limited availability in quantity
  • Moderately expensive

 

White Oak

 

  • Heartwood is golden tan or greyish brown
  • Sapwood is nearly white with a width of 1 to 2 inches
  • Heartwood has a medium to high decay resistance
  • R-value per inch.75
  • Expensive to Kiln dry
  • Hard to pressure treat
  • Beautiful finish

 


Insect and fungus resistance


When choosing the logs for your home, it is important to pick one resistant to insects and fungus. That is why chemical treatments of the logs are common. While Insects are a problem, it usually attracts them to rotting wood. Fungus will have caused damage before the insects set up housekeeping.



Heartwood


Sapwood is the new growth in the logs, whose responsibility is transporting water throughout the tree. As new rings grow, it transforms the inner rings into heartwood. This central, strong pillar is the heartwood of the tree. Though heartwood is dead, it does not decay. For as long as the outer layer, the bark and sapwood are intact, the heartwood stays strong.


When the sapwood matures into heartwood, it fills the pores with organic matter. The chemicals (extractives) cause the heartwood to change color. This creates the rich color and characteristics of heartwood.


This heartwood is less susceptible to fungus. Heartwood also contains far less moisture and will have less shrinkage when dried. It increases the strength of the fibers. 


Seasoned or kiln-dried


Seasoned logs are left out to dry for 6 month or longer this will reduce the water content from an average of 50% for green wood to <25%. This drying will cause some shrinkage. While left out to dry the wood can be exposed to both fungus and insects. 


Kiln-dried logs are heated in huge ovens for about 1 week. This will reduce the water content to less than 20%. There is also a consistency between the logs. They are not exposed to fungus and insects. 


Soft or hardwood


Hard wood and softwood have some very strong differences. First soft woods have a better R-Value. This makes it easier to meet the insulation requirements most states have. Hardwoods have more strength and a wonderful finish. They have worse insulation properties, so must be of higher diameters to meet the requirements. 


The other factors is that of cost, hardwoods are very expensive and difficult to get in quantities need for log homes.


Availability


Availability, different woods are available only in certain regions


Eastern and Northeastern

 

  • White pine
  • Red Pine
  • Eastern white cedar

 


South Eastern

 

  • White pine
  • Yellow pine
  • Cypress

 

Central

 

  • White pine
  • Yellow pine
  • Eastern white cedar
  • Oak
  • Poplar
  • Walnut

 

Western and Northwestern

 

  • Western red cedar
  • Spruce
  • Fir
  • Hemlock
  • Ponderosa
  • Lodgepole pine

 

Supply and demand apply to log home builders. They must purchase the raw logs and factor transportation into their costs. So most log homes are made of pine. 



Log Home Restoration of California

Log Home Restoration of California, Inc. has decades of experience in handling almost all choices for logs. We can help guide you into finding just the right wood for your job.


31 Aug, 2020
One of the biggest mistakes a log home owner makes is not keeping up regular maintenance. A regular house does not require anywhere near the upkeep that a log home needs.
Log Home Inspections
26 Aug, 2020
Home inspectors without the training for log homes will miss many problems because they do not know what to look for. Log home inspection is also necessary for the continued health of your log home. You should inspect your log home in the spring and the fall.
log home buying
19 Aug, 2020
You are looking for a place to launch your memories. Raising a family or the summer by the lake. Fresh air and nature is what you want your family to encounter. Now let's make sure it is not a nightmare instead of a dream.   When you look over a log home, check it from top to bottom. Log homes are built to last generations if maintained. Having an experienced log home inspector pays off. While home inspectors may inspect log homes, they often lack the knowledge of what they do not know.   1. Roof Inspection Check the roof for loose or damaged tiles or shingles. Most modern built log homes no longer have a shake roof. Check for discoloration or missing roofing. Check for raised or missing flashing around chimneys and dolmans. This is a prime area for wood rot. Check your gutters. Make sure they are clean and that they drain properly. You may have to adjust the angle to make sure they do not allow any pooling. Pooling can lead to wood rot in the rafters of the roof. 2. Check the Exterior Logs Look for black surface fungus. This often appears as black streaks running down from rooftops that have asphalt shingles. This is dangerous since it shows a failure of the protective stain. We must eradicate the mold before you restrain the home. Do not use bleach; it damages the logs. Look for green surface mold. This is a sign of rot. So again you need to have it eradicated before staining the logs. There may also be some wood rot that needs repaired. Tap the logs with a rubber mallet to listen for a hollow sound. If you hear it, there is dry rot in the log. Do not assume that rot is confined to one log. You should bring in a qualified log home repair company. Look for discolored or flaking stains. Because of environmental issues, most log home stains only last 2 to 3 years. Wet or prolonged heat and light exposure can cause the stain to fail early. Check for new cracks and failed chinking. Since log homes suffer from a problem of settling, which is as logs dry out, they shrink and cause cracks and crevases in the logs. It also causes the chinking to pull away from a log. This allows water to seep into and damage the logs. The cracks need to have caulking filling them and you may need to have the chinking replaced and putting in backer bars and new chinking. Make sure the roof is level, and the home meets the foundation. Check all around. With the settling it can cause stress on windows and doors, making them leak, bow or even break if it takes improper care. Check for wood rot around all the doors and windows. These can be moisture traps. While you are at it check for bore holes from carpenter ants and bees. if you spot small piles of sawdust at the base of the wall. 3. Check the Foundation Check around the foundation to make sure there are no mud tunnels which show termites. If the foundation is less than 12-18”, you have a good chance of having termites. 4. Check the Drainage You need to make sure the rain spout has good drainage. This keeps water from pooling and soaking the logs. Clear all vegetation next to the wall. Do not stack firewood next to the walls. This can trap water next to the logs. 5. Check the porch and patios Check the flooring for loose boards. Check the hand rails for safety. Check the patio ceiling for discolored or water damaged wood. 6. Check the windows and doors Check the seals of the doors and windows. Look for them being level. Make sure they are now bowing. Improper installation with log home settling can cause many problems. 7. Check the Interior walls Non load-bearing wall can become load bearing if the shrinkage of the logs is too great. So check for bulging. 8. Check the level of the floor Shrinkage can cause the floors to be unlevel. 9. Check that all plumbing and electrical systems Since the log home usually has a septic system special care must be paid to prevent septic problems. Older log homes may have aluminum wiring. This wiring is extremely dangerous since the wire in time will compress and all connections will be loose. This makes a serious fire problem. 10. Check interior ceilings for watermarks If you find water staining on the ceiling, this indicates a roofing problem that needs taken care of.  Find an experienced log home contractor to fix your problems. instances of wood rot. This is not something you can take care of.    Log Home Restoration of California Log Home Restoration of California has decades of experience inspecting repairing and building log homes. In everything from building new log homes to repairing the old log cabin, LHRCA has the skills you need. Our experts guarantee that you will be happy with our work.  
log home inspection
02 Feb, 2020
Your log home is a place of memories, of nature and dreams. Inspecting log homes twice a year is a good way of keeping the dreams pleasant instead of a nightmare. Your local home inspector may or may not be aware of the all the quirks that log homes may have. Log home inspection requires specialized knowledge, since standard homes do not have these different problems.
09 Aug, 2019
Your log home is home to more than people. It is a repository for your memories, hopes and dreams. This old home of yours, may be tired and worn out. You may think of updating the look or improving its lifespan. Have you considered expanding the home by adding a room? Are you looking at adding a deck? To accomplish this your vision, you need a professional with years of log home experience. Log Home Restoration of California has the talent, experience and resources you need. The construction and renovation services to help you create the home of your dreams are all here. When it comes to homes, log homes are unique. Since log homes have been around for centuries, there are different methods used for construction, Special conditions and issues that can arise from these types of homes. We offer construction and renovation services for projects of every size. From adding small rooms or expanding existing porches, log home restoration can increase the square footage of your home. We can create luxury decks to take advantage of views in every direction.
log-repair
05 Aug, 2019
Every log home develops log problems, how to handle that is the question. Log repair and replacement becomes necessary when the logs become damaged. There are many ways that logs are damaged by mold, mildew, insects, wear-and-tear all affects the health of the logs. Damaged logs need to be repaired or replaced to support the structure. This keeps the home warm, safe and strong for years to come. Log repair and replacement is where we remove whole or partial parts of logs. Then, using matching materials and ensuring structural strength, we repair the bad portions. Many times the logs are not a complete loss, allowing us to remove just the damaged portions. Craftsmanship is what we strive for, so we restore the look and feel of the original logs. If you own a log home, you have seen small cracks throughout your log walls. These cracks are called checks: checks are naturally occurring in wood as it ages. Small checks that do not penetrate the whole log are natural, not something to worry about. They do not hurt the integrity of log homes. Most checks are nothing to worry about and add character. Though, if they reach a certain size, they should be brought to the attention of a professional. When it gets large enough, it is then called a split. These are more severe and often go all the way through the log. This damage may come from lack of proper maintenance, improper drying techniques, or they are carrying too much weight. Logs for beams with severe splits should be replaced or repaired as soon as possible. Log Home Restorations of California will repair or replace damaged logs. First, we will shore up the structure, then remove the damaged areas or even full logs. Replacing them with new logs that matches the original structures type of wood, stain, and other finishes to make a seamless blend with your home. From the beginning, we work with the homeowner every step of the way. We ensure that your log home renovation will be done the way you want. No matter the cause of the damaged logs, we can quickly repair your home. We do all the different log repairs.
22 Jul, 2019
According to a dictionary a chink is a small cleft, slit, or fissure or a weak spot that may leave one vulnerable. Chinking is the very act of fixing the chink with caulk and other means. Log homes have chinks, they are the gaps between the logs as they settle. They are vulnerabilities to the elements and vermin. Anytime there are gaps or clefts between the log's moisture can make its way into the logs. This can cause wood rot and other problems. Since log homes have been around for centuries, the method of fixing the chinks has changed. Log homes are not made with manicured logs that fit together. They only touch each other in the joints. There is an inch or two gaps between them. These are chinks. Wind, rain and vermin penetrate the walls. So some solution developed. Early settlers used everything from grass to corn cobs or anything they could grab to fill in the cracks. None to efficient but cheap and easy. It also needed replacing often. Settling is a major problem with old chinking. Since logs shrink as they age the old chinking would separate or fall out. This allowed weather and pest in. Modern chinking products have superior adhesion and flexibility. Today chinking are an acrylic, elastic compound that adheres to the logs. They can stretch and contract as logs settle and move. Modern chinking is usable for both new construction and restoration projects. Sealing gaps and ensuring that the homes stay sealed for many more years. It remains soft and pliable for years after application.
Share by: